@article{ISI:000181503100001,
title = {Investigating the effects of a polyester preforming binder on the
mechanical and ballistic performance of E-glass fiber reinforced
polyester composites},
author = {M Tanoglu and AT Seyhan},
doi = {10.1016/S0143-7496(02)00061-1},
issn = {0143-7496},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-02-01},
journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADHESION AND ADHESIVES},
volume = {23},
number = {1},
pages = {1-8},
abstract = {An experimental investigation was carried out to determine the effects
of a preforming binder on the mechanical properties and ballistic
performance of E-glass-fiber/polyester composite systems. The glass
preforms were consolidated by application of heat and pressure over
plies of the glass fabrics coated with various concentrations of a
thermoplastic polyester binder. The peel strength of the preforms with
various binder content was measured and the highest peel strength was
obtained from preforms prepared with about 9 wt% of the binder.
Composite laminates with and without binder were fabricated using VARTM
technique and the effects of the binder on the composite mechanical
properties were evaluated. It was found that the flexural strength and
mode I interlaminar fracture toughness decreases by 15% and 40%,
respectively, due to the presence of 3 wt% of the binder. Ballistic
test was performed on E-glass/polyester composite panels using 1.1-g
fragment-simulating projectiles and it was found that the binder amount
has some considerable effect on the damage extension of the impacted
composites. The results showed that the preforming binder has
significant potential to tailor composite properties. (C) 2003 Elsevier
Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{ISI:000182201700003,
title = {Genetic algorithm-artificial neural network model for the prediction of
germanium recovery from zinc plant residues},
author = {S Akkurt and S Ozdernir and G Tayfur},
issn = {0371-9553},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-09-01},
journal = {TRANSACTIONS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MINING AND METALLURGY SECTION
C-MINERAL PROCESSING AND EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY},
volume = {111},
pages = {C129-C134},
abstract = {A multi-layer, feed-forward, back-propagation learning algorithm was
used as an artificial neural network (ANN) tool to predict the
extraction of germanium from zinc plant residues by sulphuric acid
leaching. A genetic algorithm (GA) was used for the selection of
training and testing data and a GA-ANN model of the germanium leaching
system was created on the basis of the training data. Testing of the model yielded good error levels (r(2) = 0.95). The model was employed to
predict the response of the system to different values of the factors
that affect the recovery of germanium and the results facilitate
selection of the experimental conditions in which the optimum recovery
will be achieved.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{ISI:000171840500005,
title = {Dynamic stress/strain response of the interphase in polymer matrix
composites},
author = {M Tanoglu and SH McKnight and GR Palmese and JW Gillespie},
doi = {10.1002/pc.10565},
issn = {0272-8397},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-10-01},
journal = {POLYMER COMPOSITES},
volume = {22},
number = {5},
pages = {621-635},
abstract = {The interphases. of various sized E-glass-fiber/epoxy-amine systems were
tested at displacement rates in the range of 230 to 2450 mum/sec using a
new experimental technique (dynamic micro-debonding technique). The
fiber systems include unsized, epoxy-amine compatible sized, and
epoxy-amine incompatible sized glass fibers. A data reduction scheme was
developed to relate the force vs. displacement response obtained from
the dynamic micro-debonding technique to interphase shear stress/strain
response. The stress/strain curves and interphase shear modulus values
were obtained from these composite systems under average shear strain
rates (ASSR) in the range of 215-3278 (1/s). The results showed that the
magnitude of the interphase shear modulus was sizing and strain rate
dependent In all cases, the shear modulus was found to be more compliant
than the bulk matrix. The two sized fiber systems exhibited the highest
strain rate sensitivity, with modulus increasing about threefold over
the range studied. In addition, the rate dependent behavior of the model
interphase materials were determined using the dynamic mechanical
analysis (DMA) technique. The model interphase materials closely
resemble the interphase that forms on unsized and compatible sized
fibers. Master curves relating the flexural storage modulus to strain
rate were constructed based on the time-temperature superposition
principle from DMA frequency sweep measurements. The DMA measured
results are consistent with the dynamic micro-debonding test results,
providing confidence in the test method as a reliable technique for
characterizing the high strain rate properties of the interphase in
composites.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{ISI:000169329400002,
title = {Effects of thermoplastic preforming binder on the properties of S2-glass
fabric reinforced epoxy composites},
author = {M Tanoglu and S Robert and D Heider and SH McKnight and V Brachos and JW Gillespie},
doi = {10.1016/S0143-7496(00)00050-6},
issn = {0143-7496},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-06-01},
journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADHESION AND ADHESIVES},
volume = {21},
number = {3},
pages = {187-195},
abstract = {The effect of a thermoplastic polyester binder on the thermophysical and
mechanical properties of an S2-glass/epoxy-amine system was
investigated. The purpose of the polymeric binder is to bond the
individual fabric layers together during preforming prior to composite
fabrication. This paper will address the significance of the binder
chemistry. i.e., the compatibility of the binder with the matrix
polymer. on the composite properties. The peel strength of preforms
consolidated with various concentrations of binder was evaluated using
the T-peel test. The highest peel resistance was obtained from preforms
that have full coverage of the binder on the glass fabric. Further
increase of the concentration of the binder does not change the peel
strength. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on peel test fracture
surfaces revealed mostly adhesive-type failure between binder and fiber.
Double cantilever beam (DCB) and short beam shear (SBS) test results of
the composite showed that the presence of about 2.6 wt% of the
polyester binder reduces the Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness and
apparent interlaminar shear strength of the S2-glass/SC-15 epoxy-amine
system by about 60% and 25%, respectively. Moreover, the T-g of the
matrix polymer within the interlaminar region decreases about 6 degreesC
due to the presence of the binder. The dissolution of the polyester
binder within the reacting matrix resin is limited for the standard cure
cycle. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{ISI:000166750300004,
title = {The effects of glass-fiber sizings on the strength and energy absorption
of the fiber/matrix interphase under high loading rates},
author = {M Tanoglu and SH McKnight and GR Palmese and JW Gillespie},
doi = {10.1016/S0266-3538(00)00195-0},
issn = {0266-3538},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-01-01},
journal = {COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY},
volume = {61},
number = {2},
pages = {205-220},
abstract = {The interphases of various sized E-glass-fiber/epoxy-amine systems were
tested at displacement rates in the range 230-2450 mum/s by a new
experimental technique (dynamic micro-debonding technique), By this
method, the rate-dependent interphase properties, apparent shear
strength and absorbed energies due to debonding and frictional sliding,
were quantified. The systems include unsized, epoxy-amine compatible,
and epoxy-amine incompatible glass fibers. The high displacement rates
that induce high-strain-rate interphase loading were obtained by using
the rapid expansion capability of piezoelectric actuators (PZT). The
results of dynamic micro-debonding experiments showed that the values of
interphase strength and specific absorbed energies varied in a manner
that is dependent on the sizing and exhibited significant sensitivity to
loading rates, The unsized fibers exhibit greater frictional sliding
energies that could provide better ballistic resistance, while the
compatible sized fibers show higher strength values that improve the
structural integrity of the polymeric composites. In addition,
significantly higher amounts of energy are absorbed within the
frictional sliding regime compared to debonding. By using the
experimental data obtained, a case study was performed to reveal the
importance of the interphase related micro damage modes on energy
absorption (and therefore ballistic performance) of glass/epoxy
composite armor. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{ISI:000169015700021,
title = {Investigation of properties of fiber/matrix interphase formed due to the
glass fiber sizings},
author = {M Tanoglu and S Ziaee and SH Mcknight and GR Palmese and JW Gillespie},
doi = {10.1023/A:1017979126129},
issn = {0022-2461},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-01-01},
journal = {JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE},
volume = {36},
number = {12},
pages = {3041-3053},
abstract = {Sizings on glass fibers consist of a silane-based network that is
chemically bound to the fiber and other compounds that are adsorbed onto
the glass surface. Formation of interphase involves dissolution of
adsorbed species and inter-diffusion of these compounds and resin
monomers into the interphase region and chemical reaction of available
functional groups. All these phenomena occur at the presence of the
silane-based network. In this study, the effects of the silane-based
network on the properties of the interphase region are investigated for
an epoxy/amine resin system and compatible sized glass fibers. The
composition of the sizing material bound to glass was determined using
nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Based on this
information, model interphase materials were synthesized that were a
blend of an epoxy/amine matrix and inclusions. The inclusions consist of
an interpenetrating network of silane-based polymer and epoxy/amine
thermoset that represents the interphase material formed during
processing. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic
mechanical analysis (DMA) techniques were used to characterize the glass
transition temperature and flexural modulus of the model materials. The
properties of the model interphase material were obtained using the DMA
results and established micromechanics models. The results show that the
glass transition temperature of the model interphase is about -5
degreesC, and its flexural storage modulus at room temperature is about
50% of that of the bulk matrix. This work has also shown that a
reduction in the cross-link density of the bound network might
significantly reduce the modulus within the interphase region by a
factor of 5 to 8. (C) 2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{ccelik1synthesis,
title = {Synthesis, characterization and optical properties of ZnO-CuO-Al2O3 semiconducting films on glass substrates by sol-gel technique},
author = {Erdal {Ç}elik and Funda Öztoprak and Faruk M Ebeo{ğ}lugil and I{ş}{i}l Birlik and Recep Yi{ğ}it and Metin Tano{ğ}lu and Hasan Aslan and others},
journal = {Usak University Journal of Material Sciences},
volume = {1},
number = {2},
pages = {147--172},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}